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How Ghana lost over GH¢2bn swapping gold for fuel

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Since its rollout in January 2023, the Bank of Ghana has disclosed that it incurred losses of GH¢317 million in 2023 and GH¢1.82 billion in 2024 under the Gold for Oil (G4O) programme.

That brings total losses to GH¢2.137 billion over two years. 

The central bank injected GH¢4.69 billion into the programme, effectively losing 45% of the capital it deployed in an effort to stabilise fuel prices and support the cedi.

Bank of Ghana
Bank of Ghana

On March 13, 2025, the Bank officially ended the Gold for Oil initiative, citing the heavy financial losses sustained as the primary reason for shutting it down.

Gold for Oil (G4O) was introduced in December 2022 in response to surging fuel prices, with diesel retailing as high as GH¢23 per litre and petrol around GH¢17 at GOIL stations in November 2022. 

A sharp cedi depreciation and the rapid depletion of foreign reserves forced the government and the Bank of Ghana to try an alternative strategy: use gold, not dollars, to purchase petroleum products from the international market.

The logic behind the programme was straightforward. Ghana needed a workaround to its dollar shortage that wouldn’t further drain the Bank of Ghana’s reserves or worsen currency depreciation.

The goal was to ease pressure on the cedi by preserving scarce foreign exchange reserves.

Ghana spends about $400 million each month importing fuel, making it a major driver of dollar demand.

Reducing that pressure, even partially, was central to the programme’s logic.

The Bank had already launched a domestic gold purchase programme in June 2021, partnering with the then Precious Minerals Marketing Company (PMMC), now rebranded as GoldBOD, to buy gold dore from local miners in cedis and refine it abroad for Ghana’s official reserves.

The aim at the time was to double Ghana’s gold reserves within five years, then standing at 8.74 tonnes.

That gold stockpile now exceeds 32 tonnes, nearly quadrupling in under four years, according to central bank data.

The domestic gold purchase programme was later expanded to include the Gold for Oil framework

The Bank, via PMMC, bought dore in cedis from miners, handed it to a “gold broker”, and had it sold internationally. 

The broker sold the gold for U.S. dollars and deposited the proceeds directly into the Bank’s offshore (nostro) accounts. These funds were used to purchase petroleum products.

The fuel was delivered to Ghana, but the dollars used to buy it remained overseas. As a result, the local economy saw no direct injection of foreign currency.

Notably, the entire arrangement was never subjected to parliamentary oversight. The ruling government argued at the time that the Gold for Oil programme was not an executive policy but a central bank initiative, and therefore did not require parliamentary approval.

The criteria for selecting these gold brokers, the fees paid, and the number of intermediaries involved have not been publicly disclosed.

The cedi did stabilise in the months after G4O’s launch, and fuel prices fell.

While it’s hard to isolate the programme’s direct impact from that of the IMF deal signed in May 2023, the reduced dollar demand from oil importers likely contributed to easing exchange rate pressure.

By November 2023 (nine months in) then-Finance Minister Ken Ofori-Atta told Parliament during the 2024 budget presentation that G4O accounted for around 30% of petroleum imports. 

No major updates followed until the release of the Bank’s 2024 financial report.

The Bank attributes most of the GH¢2.1 billion loss to foreign exchange losses.

But key details remain missing: the volume of gold acquired, the fuel supplied, the commissions paid, the intermediaries involved, and the broader impact of the programme.

With over GH₵2.1 billion in reported losses and little transparency about how it was run, Gold for Oil has ended as a costly intervention. 

It may have brought temporary foreign exchange relief and cheaper fuel, but it ultimately left a deep hole in the Bank of Ghana’s books.

myjoyonline.com

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“Don’t Wait For Government Employment; Create Your Own Jobs” – GUTA

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Vice President of the Ghana Union of Traders Association (GUTA), Joseph Paddy, has urged young people to shift focus from waiting for government jobs and instead embrace self-employment and opportunities within the private sector.

Speaking at Channel One TV’s Quarterly Economic Outlook on Monday, April 27, he stressed that job creation is not limited to the public sector, noting that the private sector offers multiple opportunities for individuals willing to take initiative.

He encouraged job seekers to develop skills and explore emerging opportunities in areas such as communication, marketing, public relations, and digital services.

“Don’t wait for the government to employ you. Employ yourself,” he stated, adding that many roles in the modern economy are created by private initiative rather than government recruitment.

According to him, the private sector remains the main engine of growth and offers broader opportunities for young people who are willing to be proactive.

“The private sector is the engine of growth. When you are a private sector person, you can do everything.  You can have more than one job,” he said.

citinewsroom.com

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Ghana On Track For IMF Programme Exit As Final Review Commences

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Ghana’s engagement with the International Monetary Fund is entering its final phase, with the government expressing confidence that the country is on track to complete its ongoing program and exit on schedule after sustained policy implementation.

A staff mission from the International Monetary Fund is expected in Accra this week for the sixth and final review under Ghana’s three-year Extended Credit Facility arrangement, ahead of a planned conclusion of the program in August 2026 following a technical extension.

The mission will assess recent macroeconomic performance, including fiscal consolidation, inflation trends, debt management, and structural reforms, while engaging key stakeholders across government, the central bank, and civil society.

Speaking to Citi Business News, Technical Advisor at the Ministry of Finance and economist, Theo Acheampong, said the outlook remains broadly positive, with Ghana having largely met program commitments.

He noted that the final mission will essentially take stock of progress already achieved under the Extended Credit Facility.

“So there’s a mission that is planned for this week. We are now going to be undertaking the sixth and final review of the $3 billion extended credit facility that we entered into in 2023,” he said.

Dr. Acheampong added that performance under the program has been broadly satisfactory, with key reforms and targets largely delivered.

“What is very clear from the fifth review is that we have met most of those program targets,” he stated.

He further stressed that there is strong confidence in a positive outcome from the final assessment, pointing to progress on structural benchmarks, fiscal measures, and tax reforms.

“We are looking forward to a very positive outcome in terms of the Fund’s final review in Ghana and the conclusion of the programme,” he added.

The IMF team is expected to compile its findings after engagements in Accra and submit a report to its Executive Board in Washington, paving the way for Ghana’s programme completion, subject to final approval.

citinewsroom.com

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Fuel Prices Set To Drop From Jan 1, 2026 On Cedi Strength And Falling Crude Prices

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Prices of petroleum products are expected to decline marginally at the pumps from January 1, 2026.

The projection is contained in the latest outlook report by the Chamber of Oil Marketing Companies (COMAC), which guides pricing decisions by oil marketing companies and has been sighted by JoyBusiness.

Projected Reduction

The price of petrol is expected to fall by between 2.40% and 4.80%, bringing the pump price per litre to about GH¢11.90.

Diesel is projected to decline by as much as 3.77%, which could see a litre selling at around GH¢12.50.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is also expected to drop by up to 2.19%, resulting in a kilogram selling at approximately GH¢13.40.

Reasons

According to the Chamber of Oil Marketing Companies, the expected reduction has been influenced mainly by declining prices of crude oil and finished petroleum products on the international market.

Market data show that international refined product prices fell significantly during the period, with petrol down 9.17%, diesel down 8.11%, and LPG down 3.82%.

The cedi has also strengthened against the US dollar, appreciating by more than 3% over the past three weeks.

For the January 1, 2026, pricing window, the local currency rose from GH¢11.14 to GH¢10.50 to the dollar, representing an 8.20% gain.

This marks one of its strongest performances in recent months, and a sharp improvement from the GH¢14.84 recorded during the same period last year.

More than 200 Oil Marketing Companies have told JoyBusiness they will begin reducing prices from this weekend after completing the necessary adjustments at the pumps.

Others say the changes could take effect as early as Monday.

Some marketers have also indicated that further reductions could follow if the cedi continues to appreciate or remains stable against the dollar.

myjoyonline.com

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