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Global Debt Surges to a Record $338 Trillion – IIF

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On Friday, a stark chart posted by the X account @worldranking_ went viral, showing that total global debt has smashed through the $338 trillion ceiling. The underlying data comes from the respected Institute of International Finance (IIF), which pegged the exact figure at $337.7 trillion as of mid-2025, with the total climbing toward $346 trillion by the end of September. To put that in perspective: world GDP is roughly $110–115 trillion. We now owe more than three times what the entire planet produces in a year.

That number includes everything: government bonds, corporate loans, mortgages, credit-card balances, financial-sector borrowing, student loans, car notes — every dollar, euro, yen, or yuan that someone, somewhere, has promised to pay back with interest.

A lot of this debt is “internal plumbing.” When Germany buys U.S. Treasuries, or a Japanese insurance company holds French corporate bonds, one entity’s liability is another’s asset. The global balance sheet still balances; it’s just that the left side (what we owe) and the right side (what we own) have both ballooned in tandem. Yet the sheer scale is dizzying, and the trend is unmistakably upward.

Online reactions ranged from gallows humor (“We owe it to the Martians now”) to personal confessions (“My $38k in student loans feels seen”) to sober takes pointing out that the United States, with its roughly $36 trillion in total public debt, accounts for “only” about 10–11% of the world total — large in absolute terms, but no longer the lone gorilla in the debt cage. China, Japan, the Eurozone, and the global corporate and household sectors all carry massive loads of their own.

The unease is palpable. Interest rates spent years near zero, making borrowing feel almost free. Governments funded pandemic relief, companies refinanced at rock-bottom yields, and households took on bigger mortgages and auto loans. Now, with central banks having raised rates to fight inflation, the servicing cost of that mountain of debt is rising fast. The IIF estimates that global debt-service ratios are already climbing, particularly in emerging markets.

Is this the prelude to a crisis? Not necessarily tomorrow. Modern financial systems are designed to roll over maturing debt rather than repay it outright, and many advanced economies can still borrow in their own currencies. But every record brings us closer to the point where markets start asking uncomfortable questions: Who ultimately backs all this debt if growth slows, demographics worsen, or another shock hits?

For now, the world keeps charging. $338 trillion and counting.

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“Don’t Wait For Government Employment; Create Your Own Jobs” – GUTA

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Vice President of the Ghana Union of Traders Association (GUTA), Joseph Paddy, has urged young people to shift focus from waiting for government jobs and instead embrace self-employment and opportunities within the private sector.

Speaking at Channel One TV’s Quarterly Economic Outlook on Monday, April 27, he stressed that job creation is not limited to the public sector, noting that the private sector offers multiple opportunities for individuals willing to take initiative.

He encouraged job seekers to develop skills and explore emerging opportunities in areas such as communication, marketing, public relations, and digital services.

“Don’t wait for the government to employ you. Employ yourself,” he stated, adding that many roles in the modern economy are created by private initiative rather than government recruitment.

According to him, the private sector remains the main engine of growth and offers broader opportunities for young people who are willing to be proactive.

“The private sector is the engine of growth. When you are a private sector person, you can do everything.  You can have more than one job,” he said.

citinewsroom.com

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Business

Ghana On Track For IMF Programme Exit As Final Review Commences

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Ghana’s engagement with the International Monetary Fund is entering its final phase, with the government expressing confidence that the country is on track to complete its ongoing program and exit on schedule after sustained policy implementation.

A staff mission from the International Monetary Fund is expected in Accra this week for the sixth and final review under Ghana’s three-year Extended Credit Facility arrangement, ahead of a planned conclusion of the program in August 2026 following a technical extension.

The mission will assess recent macroeconomic performance, including fiscal consolidation, inflation trends, debt management, and structural reforms, while engaging key stakeholders across government, the central bank, and civil society.

Speaking to Citi Business News, Technical Advisor at the Ministry of Finance and economist, Theo Acheampong, said the outlook remains broadly positive, with Ghana having largely met program commitments.

He noted that the final mission will essentially take stock of progress already achieved under the Extended Credit Facility.

“So there’s a mission that is planned for this week. We are now going to be undertaking the sixth and final review of the $3 billion extended credit facility that we entered into in 2023,” he said.

Dr. Acheampong added that performance under the program has been broadly satisfactory, with key reforms and targets largely delivered.

“What is very clear from the fifth review is that we have met most of those program targets,” he stated.

He further stressed that there is strong confidence in a positive outcome from the final assessment, pointing to progress on structural benchmarks, fiscal measures, and tax reforms.

“We are looking forward to a very positive outcome in terms of the Fund’s final review in Ghana and the conclusion of the programme,” he added.

The IMF team is expected to compile its findings after engagements in Accra and submit a report to its Executive Board in Washington, paving the way for Ghana’s programme completion, subject to final approval.

citinewsroom.com

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Fuel Prices Set To Drop From Jan 1, 2026 On Cedi Strength And Falling Crude Prices

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Prices of petroleum products are expected to decline marginally at the pumps from January 1, 2026.

The projection is contained in the latest outlook report by the Chamber of Oil Marketing Companies (COMAC), which guides pricing decisions by oil marketing companies and has been sighted by JoyBusiness.

Projected Reduction

The price of petrol is expected to fall by between 2.40% and 4.80%, bringing the pump price per litre to about GH¢11.90.

Diesel is projected to decline by as much as 3.77%, which could see a litre selling at around GH¢12.50.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is also expected to drop by up to 2.19%, resulting in a kilogram selling at approximately GH¢13.40.

Reasons

According to the Chamber of Oil Marketing Companies, the expected reduction has been influenced mainly by declining prices of crude oil and finished petroleum products on the international market.

Market data show that international refined product prices fell significantly during the period, with petrol down 9.17%, diesel down 8.11%, and LPG down 3.82%.

The cedi has also strengthened against the US dollar, appreciating by more than 3% over the past three weeks.

For the January 1, 2026, pricing window, the local currency rose from GH¢11.14 to GH¢10.50 to the dollar, representing an 8.20% gain.

This marks one of its strongest performances in recent months, and a sharp improvement from the GH¢14.84 recorded during the same period last year.

More than 200 Oil Marketing Companies have told JoyBusiness they will begin reducing prices from this weekend after completing the necessary adjustments at the pumps.

Others say the changes could take effect as early as Monday.

Some marketers have also indicated that further reductions could follow if the cedi continues to appreciate or remains stable against the dollar.

myjoyonline.com

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